Thursday, October 31, 2019

ART (Fauvism) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ART (Fauvism) - Essay Example Also evident in this era is the use of pure and unmixed colors that identifies Les Fauves literally translated as â€Å"The Wild Beasts†. Intense colors were not only used by the artists as an expression of themselves but also used as a vehicle to describe light and space (theartstory.org). With the influence of his mentor, Matisse experimented on the use of bright colors to express his emotional state and some other painters followed the same path such as Derain. Their subject matters are often landscapes, cityscapes and scenes of bourgeois leisure, still life, portraiture, domestic and studio interiors and particularly focused on the female figure (Dabrowski & theartstory.org). The Reclining Odalisque is an example of the latter which shows a woman reclining on a bed, half-naked. The woman appears to be resting with one of her hands under her head. she is clothed in a white robe that is partially exposing her body. The blanket is also white with streaks of blue color that is in contrast to the color of the bed sheet hanging over the bed as well as the background which is bright red. From the characteristics of Fauves described earlier and the objective of the era, which is for the artist to express his state of mind, it could be said that Matisse was expressing or communicating carnality. The woman lying on the bed is half-naked and this seems to be symbolical of sexual desires. The color of the background does not only catch the attention of the audience because of its brightness but also for its symbolical meaning in relation to the painting. Red is known to be representative of love, passion, desire and warmth. The color is used as a means to emphasize the meaning of the painting. This could show the painter’s state of mind when the painting was done. Of course the statement is not meant to say that there could have been an affair between the model and the painter rather, it is possible that the painter was

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

In Vivo And In Vitro Experimental Research Essay

In Vivo And In Vitro Experimental Research - Essay Example Despite this, in vitro studies can be very difficult to extrapolate from the results to the intact organism. Caution must be exercised not to over-interpret the results in the case of in vitro experiments. For example, an investigation of a bacterial can be positive in a controlled environment but be ineffective in a natural environment.  Despite this, in vitro studies can be very difficult to extrapolate from the results to the intact organism. Caution must be exercised not to over-interpret the results in the case of in vitro experiments. For example, an investigation of a bacterial can be positive in a controlled environment but be ineffective in a natural environment.  Ã‚  On the other hand, in vivo experiments gives a better picture of what is going on inside the organism cell.    All cells contain some machinery can be important in the experiments.   It also can be a disadvantage side since it becomes practically hard to control all the parameters of a cell. Additionall y, living things tend to show variability, even with time, which is somehow hard to fully control. On the aspect of control, in vitro experiments is better as compared to in vivo especially when studying soluble molecules. It can be possible to add small amounts of molecules and maybe assess their binding knowing that no other molecules are interfering. However, this can be disadvantageous since some enzymes may require special conditions to work better which might be a bit hard to create in a test-tube.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Mongol Yoke Impact on Russias Development

Mongol Yoke Impact on Russias Development The principalities of Russia had a long history of clashes between those on the Russian frontier and nomadic peoples. The existing equilibrium of attacks between the principalities and the nomads was disturbed altered by the emergence of the Mongol empire. The Mongols unified the large groups of nomads creating a large united force and empire that stretched across Asia, to the loose border of the Kievan Rus. By 1237 Batu Khan, ruler of the Mongols, turned his sights to the Rus and launched the Storm of the Mongols. In only three years Kiev had been captured and destroyed and the Russian lands conquered. Rather than subjugate the Russian principalities the Mongols implemented a system of suzerainty in which the Russian princes would pay tribute[1], and Russia would act as a vassal state. The rein of the Mongols over Russia for almost two centauries had some positive impact on Russias development and has had a lasting influence on Russian culture and identity. With the freshly conquered Russia under their control, the Mongols needed to implement the administrative system for collecting the tribute that they demanded from the Russian people. The Mongols decided on using the existing system of principalities to require that each prince collect the taxation from the land which they controlled. Princes were incentivised to cooperate with their Mongol occupants as those that did were given greater powers and control to reign over their principalities. The Mongols pursued a policy of divide and concur, as due to the competition for Mongol favour the Kievan Rus disintegrated further as principalities communicated less. The competition and struggle for power was particularly great between the principalities of Moscow and Tver as both competed to become the most influential Russian principality and for the yarlyk. In the 13th century the Principality of Tver was less dependent on the Golden Horde, and as a result its people grew frustrated at the t axation and subjection and started to rise in rebellion in 1327. Prince Ivan I of Moscow saw this as an opportunity to gain further favour of the Mongol rulers and to defeat Tver, taking his Muscovite forces to quash and put down the rebellion, restoring order. In reward for his loyalty the Khan bestowed to Prince Ivan I the yarlyk, and to Moscow the sole responsibility for tax collection across the lands[2]. This decision has a dramatic impact on the balance of power in Russia and its development that is evident still today. Due to its role as main tax collector Moscow grew ever wealthier, which was aided by the screwed and skilled ruling of the Muscovite Princes. With their increasing wealth the Moscow began a process of gathering of the Russian lands in which it bought up and subjected other principalities allowing them more access to resources taxes and consequently more power. This progression continues and by the 15th century the Moscows power has expanded to most principaliti es being under Muscovite control. Therefore the Mongol decision to grant the yarlyk to the Muscovite Prince Ivan I had a great impact on the development of Russia as it led to the unification and consolidation of its lands under the rule of Moscow. No longer was Russia to be ruled be divided and competing Princes and their principalities. This was to be highly beneficial to Russias development as the principalities led to a state of constant turmoil as Princes warred with one another, which is highly costly in resources and manpower, hindering development. The consolidation of power under Moscow created the relative stability needed for Russia to develop and flourish. Additionally the impact of favouring Moscow has been incredibly long lasting as Moscow is still the capital and largest city in Russia today. The Mongols had a significant impact on the forming of the administrative structure that developed in Muscovy. This was not as a result of the Mongols imposing these systems upon the Russian rulers, but rather the Muscovite princes deliberate attempt to adopt and modify the Mongol administrative structure as a model for their own[3]. The Muscovite princes gained a first-hand understanding of these political and administrative structures during their numerous visits to the Khan, as well as many of their sons being kept within the Mongol Empire to ensure the cooperation of the ruling princes. These institutional reforms were to be highly beneficial to Russias development, as the number of principalities that fell under Muscovite control increased so did the need for administration of these territories. Muscovys princes turned to the Mongol legacy for inspiration as it was necessary to implement a full scale administrative bureaucracy as they needed a system to govern over their growing lands and to maintain control over their acquired principalities[4]. The princes naturally adopted and modified institutions that they had seen work well for the Mongols and applied it to their lands. Perhaps most important of the institutions was the system of daruaga, the territorial subdivision of Russia and the greater Mongol Empire. The governing of these territories was the responsibility of the darughachi who were the main administrators, and primarily the tax collectors. This system was developed and implemented by Ivan Kalita and future princes as the structure of tax collection and control in their territories. Consequently the Mongols had a significant impact on Russias development as the daruaga was a Mongol invention, and the wealth amassed by Muscovy through taxation was vital for its expansion and consolidation of Russian lands. However the Mongol influence in the development of taxation should not be overstated. The Mongols did not need to make major changes or alte rations to the existing Rus institutions as the surviving principalities already contained their own hierarchical structures and tributary networks[5]. Nevertheless, it was the levying of tributes upon Russia by the Mongols which led to these systems being formalised and strengthened by adopting Mongol institutions that resulted in the daruaga. The Mongol influence and impact on finance and trade in Russia has been lasting and is evident still today as the Russian word for money, dengi originates from the Tatar word denga as the first paper money to appear in Russia was issued under Mongol rule. Additionally many words concerning trade and banking are of Mongol origin including tamozhnya (customs), kazna (treasury), tovar (good or merchandise)[6]. To enable taxation to be efficient and as effective as possible the Mongols gave great priority to census tabulation and had performed the first census of the Rus by 1257, just 17 years after its conquest. Census recording was conducted by the darugi and served to ensure that taxes were being paid by all and of the purpose of conscription. Moscow continued this practice of collecting census data for centuries after the fall of the Mongol Empire. Russia was one of the earliest adopters of census tabulation as it would not become prevalent in Europe until the early 19th century, and not to the level of thoroughness and detail achieved in Russia. The impact of the Mongol rule on the development of Russia is apparent and extensive as it helped the Russian princes to create a strong and central government needed to govern a vast and populous territory, and later empire. In addition to aiding the expansion of Muscovy, the Mongols brought with them the institutions needed to maintain a growing territory. The Mongols had much experience ruling great sprawling empires, and had developed the institutions needed to rule vast land masses. One of these important development was the yam. The yam was a system of posts which was developed to provide to messengers and leaders; food, bedding and horses[7]. Each post ensured riders with rested horses and a place to retire exhausted horses, allowing riders to travel faster and further. The local people were responsible for the sustaining of these posts and caring for the horses. The yam enabled the Mongols to communicate quickly between the Khan and local leaders as a form of a fast postal service, but also dispatch elites between the various cities and principalities across the large Mongol Empire. The system was fast and efficient with a Hapsburg emissary reporting that the yam had allowed him to travel 500 kilo metres in only three days, much faster than anywhere else in Europe[8]. The yam system was important to the Mongols being able to maintain a tight control over its empire, and its usefulness was noticed by the Muscovite princes. Towards the end of Mongol control over Russia, Prince Ivan III continued to use the Mongol invention as the established method of communication as it gave to the price all the same benefits it did to the Mongols. By adopting the yam Muscovy had greater control over its citizens and was able to operate more effectively. The Mongols therefore had some impact on the development of Russia as whilst the yam does differ to the contemporary postal system we have today, it continued to be operated by Russian princes long after the Mongol Khans lost their control of the region and remained largely unchanged until the early 18th century. Whilst the Mongols Yoke did bring some positive aspects to Russia, much of the impact of the Mongols was negative and detrimental to Russias development. During the invasion of the Rus by the Mongol armies looted and razed cities and slaughtered the people, devastating whole regions. It is believed that around half the population of the Kievan Rus died during the Mongol invasion[9] which has given the Mongol Empire and its rule over Russia a reputation of brutality. This sense of Mongol brutality and Russian victimhood has had a lasting impact on Russian national identity and Russian culture. As a consequence the Mongols were blamed for the destruction of the Kievan Rus and from this was born the idea of oriental despotism and an unwillingness to attribute improvements to the Mongol Yoke. However it seems that whilst the initial invasion by the Mongols was certainly bloody and destructive, they were no solely responsible for the turmoil, rather warring principalities continued to bat tle one another in quasi civil wars. Additionally, Russian chronicles have very limited records of the rule of the Mongols following their assault and their immediate consequences. Whilst it is possible that a sense of national pride resulted in the monks responsible for chronicling the events choosing to omit the Mongols from their records out of shame of being dominated by a foreign and non-Christian force, it is also possible that the Mongol Yoke simply did not have that great of an impact on normal Russians. As the Mongols utilised some of the existing hierarchical power systems their control over the Rus was indirect and therefore less noticeable. Furthermore the violence between Russian principalities was more noticeable and striking at the time, allowing for the impact of the Yoke to be ignored. This suggests that whilst the initial invasion of the Rus certainly had a negative impact on Russias development as it resulted in the deaths of so many, but also the destruction of c ities such as Kiev that would take centauries to recover. Additionally the tribute in the form of taxes placed on the people would have been a burden on the Russian people, particularly for the peasantry and serfs[10], but they were not a new phenomenon for the Russian people as they would have been expected to pay tribute to their prince before the Mongol invasion. Therefore the negative impact that the Mongols had on Russias development has likely been exaggerated as beyond the immediate invasion the Mongols avoided creating significant changes to the ruling of Russia and adapted existing structures. In conclusion, beyond the initial devastation that the Mongols inflicted upon Russia it would seem that overall the Mongol Yoke had a moderately positive impact in the development of Russia. By giving favour to the Muscovite princes and granting them the role of tax collectors enabled the principality to flourish and grow. The unifying and gathering of the Russian lands that was possible with this wealth has had an enormous impact on Russias development as it allowed for the creation of a strong centralised government that still exists as the capital today. Furthermore the creation of the yam system had a positive impact on Russias development, as the Russian princes continued to utilise the Mongol invention long after their Empire collapsed as they benefited from fast communication. Overall the impact of the Mongol Yoke is only moderate as some of the institutions credited to their rule although certainly beneficial, were improvements upon existing Rus systems, such as the use of ce nsus tabulation to improve taxation. Additionally if their impact was more significant it would be expected for there to be greater mention of the Mongol Yoke within Russian documents of the time. Bibliography Dmytryshyn, Basil. A History of Russia. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1977 Goldfrank, David M. Muscovy and the Mongols: Whats What and Whats Maybe. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 1.2 (2008): 259-266. Halperin, Charles J. Russia and the golden horde: the Mongol impact on medieval Russian history. Vol. 445. Indiana University Press, 1987 Hosking, Geoffrey. Russia and the Russians: A History. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2001 Hosseini, Dustin. The Effects of the Mongol Empire on Russia, Vestnik: The Journal of Russian and Asian Studie 2005. Ostrowski, Donald. Muscovy and the Mongols: cross-cultural influences on the steppe frontier, 1304-1589. Cambridge University Press, 2002. Ostrowski, Donald. The Mongol Origins of Muscovite Political Institutions. Slavic Review (1990): 525-542. Riasanovsky, Nicholas V. A History of Russia. Sixth ed. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. 2000. The Moscow Times,. Was Tatar Yoke Really All That Bad? | News. N.p., 2015. Web. Apr. 19 2000. Vernadsky, George. A history of Russia. Vol. 5. Yale University Press, 1969. Wittfogel, Karl A. Russia and the East: A Comparison and Contrast, Slavic Review, Vol. 22, No. 4, December 1963: 627-643. [1] Ostrowski, Donald. Muscovy and the Mongols: cross-cultural influences on the steppe frontier, 1304-1589. Cambridge University Press, 2002. [2] Hosseini, Dustin. The Effects of the Mongol Empire on Russia, Vestnik: The Journal of Russian and Asian Studie 2005. [3] Ostrowski, Donald. The Mongol Origins of Muscovite Political Institutions. Slavic Review (1990): 525-542 [4]Halperin, Charles J. Russia and the golden horde: the Mongol impact on medieval Russian history. Vol. 445. Indiana University Press, 1987. [5] Goldfrank, David M. Muscovy and the Mongols: Whats What and Whats Maybe. Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 1.2 (2008): 259-266. [6] The Moscow Times,. Was Tatar Yoke Really All That Bad? | News. N.p., 2015. Web. Apr. 19 2000. [7] Hosking, Geoffrey. Russia and the Russians: A History. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2001 [8] Wittfogel, Karl A. Russia and the East: A Comparison and Contrast, Slavic Review, Vol. 22, No. 4, December 1963: 627-643. [9] Vernadsky, George. A history of Russia. Vol. 5. Yale University Press, 1969. [10] Stearns, Peter. Russia in Bondage, World Civilizations: The Global Experience

Friday, October 25, 2019

Communism Essay -- Communism Essays

Communism is the belief that everyone in a society should be equal and share their wealth. It is an outgrowth of socialism and Anabaptism (Laski 45). It became a firmly rooted term after the Russian Revolution of 1917. According to the words of Karl Marx, "From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs" 1. These theories were spread by Karl Marx. He believed that what a person made of himself reflected his effort (McLellan 1). He also believed that communism, or the state of equality was ones "final stage in life" (Leone 1). Communism basically started in 1847, with the formation of the London Communist League. This was an international association of worker, whose sole purpose was to write a "theoretical and practical program which would serve as the basis for uniting the working classes of Europe" (Leone 1). The London Communist League asked Marx for help in drafting a document to represent their standings. He composed the "Communist Manifesto" or "The Manifesto of the Communist Party" (Leone 1). The Russian Revolution helped foster communism. The Russian Revolution started with the with the assassination of Rasputin. In March of 1917, the Duma declares a prvisional government, including czars. During this period, there were also massive strikes by the workers. It was furthered by the abdication of Czar Nicholas. The Russian Revolution itself occured throughout 1917, with the start of the March Revolution. In April of 1917, Lenin return from exil in Switerland and denounced the established provisional government. The next general step was the gaining of the seats in the Petograd Soviet Parliment by the Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks picked Lenin to then head the government, just several days after the November Revolution. During this revolution the peasants storm the palace, taking total control of the government. At this point, the power was given to Lenin. Almost immediatly he issued the New Economic Plan, which instituted the one party system or communism. They basicaly supported the basic communist theories of Karl Marx, as interpreted by Lenin. He installed many of his beliefs and helped reorganize the people, and essentially emmancipatte the working class. He also is credited with the creation of the S... .... The economic state of China made it much more profitable for a peasant to work for the warlord that form the land (Shanor 95). Because of the poor conditions, small Communist groups began to form in China's cities. At first, they were allies with Sun Yat-Sen and his Nationalists. But the good feelings between the two parties deteriorated quickly after Chiang Kai-Shek, Sun's successor, ordered the Shanghai Massacre of the Communists. Chiang spent the following years alternating between negotiating with and fighting against the Communists. The situation became so drastic that the Communists eventually fled during the Long March of 1934-35 (Shanor 95). The United States, who was very Anti-Communist after WWII, supported Chiang Kai-Shek. Over a period of four years, the US gave $2.5 billion to support the Nationalist cause. Despite their efforts, the Communists eventually overthrew the Nationalist government, forcing Chiang and followers to flee to Taiwan. On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong, the leader of the Communists, proclaimed the country as the People's Republic of China (Shanor 96). 1 Industrial Workers of the World www.iww.org

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Fundamentalism Is Here To Stay Essay

The article â€Å"Fundamentalism Is Here to Stay† by Karen Armstrong mainly talks about a modern secular movement by separating religion from society, how people respond to change and ways the world’s different groups treat others. Fundamentalism is a non-violent revolt against secular society. They fight for their religion beliefs and how they feel with political power and intelligence. On the road to modernity, our economy has changed from agricultural produce to the use of technology. However, for fundamentalists, they can’t cope with the change, instead they choose to cling to religion. Western spirit of modernization is based on independence and innovation. In developing countries, modernization came with colonization, thus people were not able to forge new beginnings of their own. Further, fundamentalism represents a clash within civilization between new and old. Armstrong mentioned about Mustafa Kemal Ataturk created a modern Turkey by ordering to wear wes tern clothing, close down all religion institution and try to resist the fundamentalist way. Fundamentalists start to fight for the annihilation. There are groups in America still against the extremely modernized thinking of society, some of them even trying to destroy federal government. Armstrong said â€Å"Fundamentalism is here to stay† at the end, fundamentalism will not disappear. In my opinion, modernization gave whether the developing countries or the developed countries and economic advantage in the world. When these first countries modernized, they created such an unique and fresh idea that other countries try to modernize themselves so quickly. Although, developing countries could not innovate but only imitate. Japan is a perfect example of a country and a culture that can retain originality while undergoing modernization according to the article. Modernization can take a long and rough process based on every culture, value, traditions and etc. At the same time, modernization has changed in every aspect of people’s life. For fundamentalists, they believe what they believe, think what they think, love the life they used to live. In another word, who likes to be changed? For all the tragedies that attacked by the fundamentalists or total annihilation  that caused by modern secular society, we need to understand each other in order to coexisting bot h ideas and preventing future act of violence. Hopefully, what happened in the past will warn us something. Questions: 1. What keeps the fundamentalists not open to change? 2. What are the differences for developed countries and developing countries when it comes to modernization? 3. How does fundamentalism effect on the road to modernity now? Vocabularies: 1. Fundamentalism: Reactionary movement to establish traditional religious values and texts as the primary and/or governing ideology in a society. 2. Ideology: A belief system that determines and guides the structure of a government and its relation to its citizens. 3. Ethnic/ ethnicity: Referring to a shared sense of common religion, race national, and/or cultural identity.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Healthcare management capstone by nikita brown Essay

Weekly tasks or assignments (Individual or Group Projects) will be due by Monday, and late submissions will be assigned a late penalty in accordance with the late penalty policy found in the syllabus. NOTE: All submission posting times are based on midnight Central Time. Administrators must continuously seek opportunities to increase the profitability of their practice or facility. Throughout this course, you will develop a plan to integrate a current and emerging trend in health care in your organization. Your Executive Summary to integrate a current or emerging solution into your organization will include the following: †¢Week 1: Topic Research/Selection and Literature Review †¢Week 2: Organizational Assessment †¢Week 3: Project Plan †¢Week 4: Implementation Plan †¢Week 5: Evaluation Plan Week 1: Topic Research/Selection and Literature Review Part 1: Topic Research and Selection Begin this process by researching what health care organizations are doing or attempting to do to increase profitability. Remember, profitability can be improved from many different angles. A nonexclusive list of potential ways would be adding additional services, decreasing costs, increasing the amount of services that are provided, or implementing a quality improvement program that qualifies for incentive monies. Check trade journals or professional discussion boards, or reach out to existing health care managers. Part 2: Literature Review Perform a literature review of the solution that you have decided to apply to your organization. The review will encompass several articles, and at least 1 of the articles must be peer-reviewed. Look at current material (within the last 2 years). Remember, a literature review includes a summary of the information that you found that is relevant to your topic as well as an APA reference for each resource that you reviewed. Identifying what topic to perform research on should be accomplished quickly because you will need sufficient time to perform your literature review. Review a minimum of 10 documents. The review should be between 10–15 pages, including the bibliography. Use APA format.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

dazed and confused vs the breakfast club essays

dazed and confused vs the breakfast club essays The carefree years vs. the petty years At one time or another, a movie is made about every generation. Dazed and Confused is for the 1970s group of Americans (during the coming of age) when bellbottoms and marijuana were the fashion, drinking and driving had yet to become unthinkable, and safe sex was used only to avoid pregnancy. The Breakfast Club is a remembrance of the 1980s era of pegged jeans, glitter and leg warmers, when AIDS started but only through rumors, and drugs were the only escape. Throughout the precedent decades teens in schools across the country experience a society that consists of social groups, also known as cliques. Cliques, which are natural to American society, can take the concentration off of the anxiety and reason each teenager sets foot in a high school. Dazed and Confused and The Breakfast Club are perfect examples of the typical American high school. Dazed and Confused follows the lives of various groups of teenagers, during the last day of school in 1976, as they stray around their hometown. The movie is all about their philosophies on life, work, love and especially their futures that we never hear about. Among the characters, there is Randall Floyd a young football player, pressured into choosing between being drug-free or authority-free. Then there is Mitch, an upcoming high school freshman trying to fit in, who spends the day running away from the senior hazing team, while attempting to hang out with the older crowd. Its a time when everyone wastes their lives away in the carefree high school years together no matter who you are. The movie is not only funny and entertaining. It is a historic document of life, and is one of the most honest teen movies in the movie archives. The message of the movie is not much but to stand up for what you believe and resist all authority. Dazed and Confused captures the "have fun now before it's too late" state of mind...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Agriculture and Irrigation Essay

Agriculture and Irrigation Essay Agriculture and Irrigation Essay The use of irrigation in ancient times has affected the way we grow crops today. Irrigation has been used for many centuries to get the water from a river to the crops. Today, we also use this way of watering crops. With the use of irrigation crops are able to be grown in larger amounts. In Sandra Postel’s article â€Å"Growing more Food with less Water† uses facts to explain how the use of irrigation is very effective in growing more food. The quote â€Å"Most of these people live in Asia and Africa, where long dry seasons make crop production difficult or impossible without irrigation† shows that many countries depend on irrigation to survive. (Postel 7) In many countries they depend on rivers to get the water they need to the crops. Since there isn’t much rain in countries like Asia Africa they need any fo rm of irrigation they can use. It is important for these countries survival that they use irrigation. Many irrigation systems are very expensive so many farmers in poorer countries cannot afford them. Recently, a new machine has been created which is very inexpensive and farmers can afford the new irrigation machine. â€Å"Over the next quarter of a century the number of people living in water-stressed countries will climb from 500 million to three billion. New technologies can help farmers around the world supply food for the growing population†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This quote shows how new irrigation technology can help farmers have a surplus in crops. (Postel 8) New, cheap, irrigation methods have provided farmers with the technology necessary to grow and water crops. New irrigation methods have helped farmers provide markets with crops which increased their income. The quote â€Å"Fields are flooded or water is

Sunday, October 20, 2019

How to Make Powdered Olive Oil

How to Make Powdered Olive Oil Molecular gastronomy applies science to put a modern spin on traditional foods. For this simple recipe, combine maltodextrin powder with olive oil or any other flavorful oil or melted fat to make a powdered oil. Maltodextrin is a carbohydrate powder derived from starch that dissolves the instant it hits your mouth. It melts away, with no gritty or powdery sensation, so you taste the oil. Ingredients maltodextrinolive oil Food-grade maltodextrin is sold under many names, including  N-Zorbit M, Tapioca Maltodextrin, Maltosec, and Malto. While tapioca maltodextrin is one of the common types, the polysaccharide is made from other starches, such as corn starch, potato starch, or wheat starch. Use any flavorful oil. Good choices are olive oil, peanut oil, and sesame oil.  You can season the oil or use flavored rendered  fat, such as from bacon or sausage. One way to season the oil is to heat it in a pan with seasonings, such as garlic and spices.  Expect deeply colored oils to color the resulting powder.  Another option is to combine maltodextrin  with other fatty products, such as peanut butter. The only rule is to mix it with a lipid, not water or a high-moisture ingredient. Make Olive Oil Powder This is extremely simple. Essentially all you do is whisk together maltodextrin and oil or combine them in a food processor. If you dont have a whisk, you can use a fork or spoon. For a powder, youll want about 45-65% powder (by weight), so a good starting point (if you dont want to measure) is to go half and half with the oil and maltodextrin. Another method is to slowly stir oil into the powder, stopping when you have reached your desired consistency.  If you do want to measure ingredients, here is a simple recipe: 4 grams powdered maltodextrin10 grams extra virgin olive oil For a fine powder, you can use a sifter or push the powder through a strainer.  You can plate the powdered olive oil by serving it in a decorative spoon or topping dry foods, such as crackers. Dont put the powder in contact with a water-containing ingredient or it will liquefy. Storing Oil Powder The powder should be good about a day at room temperature or several days, sealed and refrigerated. Be sure to keep the powder away from moisture or high humidity. Powdered Alcohol Aside from offering the possibility to serve familiar food in new ways, one big advantage of using the dextrin is that it lets you turn a liquid into a solid. A similar process is used to make powdered alcohol. The difference is the chemical  used. Powdered alcohol is made by combining alcohol with cyclodextrin rather than maltodextrin. Cyclodextrin can be combined with up to 60% alcohol. If you want to make powdered alcohol yourself, keep in mind you need to use pure alcohol, not an aqueous solution. Cyclodextrin, like maltodextrin, readily dissolves in water.  Another use of cyclodextrin is as an odor-absorber. It is the active ingredient in Febreze.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Discuss in scholarly detail ways that building intra-organization Essay

Discuss in scholarly detail ways that building intra-organization cooperation between information systems personnel and line managers improve the information systems - Essay Example ferent managers perceive the environment differently.† Information system personnel can evaluate and ratify several technical aspects of ISs but the line managers can provide them important operational insights into these systems because of their firsthand practical experience. Line managers that interact with information systems can reflect the limitations and weaknesses observed in the system and this feedback can play a vital role in important modifications. Zientara (n.d., p.4) declares the â€Å"Line managers continual dissatisfaction with the quality of information systems services† as the failure of information systems. The growth and advancement of distributed information systems has also instigated the need of intra-organization cooperation because consolidation of information received from various modules of the information system can be used to further improve the system. Eduardo states, â€Å"A new purpose of the informal distributed information systems for innovation that arise from the interaction of the accumulated stock of knowledge emerging at the individual (micro) level.† It can be safely deduce that the information accumulated by the line managers can provide a useful insight into the information systems for further

Friday, October 18, 2019

Efficacy of institutions in the global system Research Paper

Efficacy of institutions in the global system - Research Paper Example This denotes the significance of international institutions, such as International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organization (WTO), and World Bank in helping countries respond more to the challenges of globalization (Milner 836). This paper attempts to demonstrate the significance of international institutions to enhance the economy of various countries. It also provides evidence that these multilateral institutions have a valuable impact on the economy of developing nations. Role of International Institutions The primary goal of International Monetary Fund (IMF) is to help improve the economy of less developed countries by providing them with short and long term loans at low interest rates. The institution has been active in delivering this role which is evident in the various programs that it has successfully implemented in over sixty developing countries in 2000 alone. Moreover, the mission of World Bank was also to support the growth of less developed nations and to help them overcome the financial crisis. This goal was efficiently carried out through the provision of grants and loans at zero interest to poor nations especially in Africa. In fact, over 50% of the fund of World Bank for 2003 went to projects in the nearby countries of Sahara. On the other hand, the mission of World Trade Organization (WTO) was to enhance bilateral partnerships among countries and to encourage them to adopt trade liberalization as an effective strategy for enhancing their economy (Milner 836). The WTO has successfully performed this mission which is evident in the emergence of various multinational companies in developing countries. These giant companies significantly contribute to the economy of emerging countries through the creation of jobs. This was revealed in the study of Greenaway and Wright on the effects of trade liberalization in the economy of developing countries. The findings showed that liberalization of trade policies and entry barriers has a significant po sitive impact to the economic growth of less developed countries (229). Impact of International Institutions on Economic Growth The WTO plays a significant role in enhancing the value international trade of its member countries. For instance, Rose conducted a study on whether or not WTO together with its previous counterpart (Generalised Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) has been effective in promoting the value of international trade among its 175 member countries for 50 years. Through the analysis of the gravity model, the study revealed that WTO has a direct contribution for doubling the value of trade among member nations (98). In addition, Subramanian and Wei also conducted a study on whether or not WTO has a significant impact on the trading condition of its member countries. Their findings revealed that WTO provides a significant positive impact on trade which translates to 120% marginal increase for 2000. However, the study revealed that the positive impact of WTO is not evenly achieved by its member countries. In addition, increase in bilateral trade is high when each partner nation adopt liberalization while countries without trade liberalizations did not acquire trade increase. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) plays a significant role in creating and enforcing relevant trading rules across different countries. This has been supported by various research showing the relevance of WTO in

Critically analyse the challenges faced when developing and Essay

Critically analyse the challenges faced when developing and inplementing an information system - Essay Example 123-127). The essay will start from the definition of the IS which will lay down the foundation stone for the forthcoming analysis. It will also discuss the current situation in the implementation of IS. Some of the other discussions will revolve around the factors which play a part in the implementation of IS as well as various challenges that exist in developing and implementation process. Some of the previous research papers on this topic will also be the discussion grounds. Information system is the complete studies of networks of software and hardware that are used by people in an organisation to collect, filter, create and distribute the data that is obtained. The main aim of the information system is to support the operations, help the management in making decisions. In a company the IS has become an integral, interactive online tool which is present in every operation performed in the organisation (Lucey, 2005, pp. 144-147). The IS has been able to alter the economic conditions of the organisation because of its importance and presence in every step. It can help the organisation in the following ways. IS also affects the cost and the quality of the information that is transferred. It helps the company to shrink in size as it helps in reducing the transaction costs which in turn also reduces the production cost of the company (Grant et al., 2010, pp. 123-127). This essay looks towards various theories and concepts to analyse the factors which influence the implementation of IS and to identify the challenges faced when developing and implementing an information system. This particular study will enhance in better understanding of the concept of IS where the information regarding the evolution and also the importance of the IT in any organisation is studied from various articles, books and so on. This essay is

Protecting the Environment & Feeding the World Essay

Protecting the Environment & Feeding the World - Essay Example Let us discuss why privatization of water or engagement of corporations is favorable for solving environmental problems. Privatization of Water: Good or Bad Before going into the discussion regarding privatization of water, let us get a better understanding of what this term actually is. As we all know, the world is facing water shortage and environmental problems these days, which have created many problems for the poor and unprivileged people. Barlow states, â€Å"The global water crisis has become a powerful symbol of the growing inequality in our world†. Access to clean and safe water is one of the major concerns for most of the poor European people these days. Wealthy people have access to clean and pure water whereas poor people can only drink contaminated water, which is available to them from wells and local rivers. Water shortage creates many problems, such as, increase in the number of diseases, decrease in the economic and industrial progress, and increase in the nu mber of early deaths. â€Å"The shortage of water helps to perpetuate poverty, disease and early death† (Segerfeldt). However, the reality is that there is no water shortage at the global level. The problem lies with the management of available clean water. â€Å"We use a mere 8 per cent of the water available for human consumption† (Segerfeldt). Bad policies and poor management of resources are the main problems regarding the issue of water shortage. Governments of all European countries are taking proper steps to solve the problem of safe water shortage for the citizens. One of the best ways to solve environmental problems is privatization of water or greater engagement of corporations in the management of water resources. â€Å"Water privatization usually refers to the control or maintenance of water systems and water resources by private entities† (Weagly). An example of water privatization is a company working with a local municipality in order to develop a nd maintain a wastewater treatment plant, which should be able to provide clean and quality drinking water to the people. There exist two different points of view regarding privatization of water resources. Experts raise their concerns based on different facts, water availability statistics, and future forecast of water resources. Water resources have been in the control of public organizations since many decades but the fact is that those public organizations have not been able to overcome the issue of availability of safe water to the people. This is the reason why governments of some developed and poor countries have planned to prioritize the water resources in order to get good results. Supporters of water privatization believe that involvement of private water management companies in managing available water can improve the quality and cleanliness of drinking water. â€Å"Private companies might also stress that they can increase efficiency, improve quality and sustain operati ons over a long period† (Weagly). I personally believe that if public organizations are unable to make good policies regarding management of water in a proper manner, then privatization of water is a best way to deal with the problem of shortage of clean water. Privatization brings many benefits to the local people, such as, availability of clean water, increase in the

Thursday, October 17, 2019

International Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Terrorism - Essay Example From this paper, it is clear that the first considered anarchist of his time was Pierre-Joseph Proudhon who went against the appropriateness of a central government calling for its abolition to be replaced by a system of autonomous groups and communities which was virtually governed by contract and mutual interest in place of laws. Mikhail Bakunin believed that only thru destruction can a society with a collective ownership of the means of production be created. The violent nature of anarchists saw its beginnings in Errico Malatesta’s theory that only thru the propaganda by deed can socialist principles are achieved. Thus began the murders of President Sadi Carnot of France (1894), Antonio Cà ¡novas del Castillo, the prime minister of Spain (1897), Empress Elizabeth of Austria (1898), King Umberto of Italy (1900), President William McKinley of the United States (1901) and Josà © Canalejas y Mà ©ndez, another Spanish prime minister (1912). August Spies wrote in 1886 that â⠂¬Å"A pound of dynamite is worth a bushel of bullets† and soon enough seven policemen were killed by a bomb thrown at them while dispersing a strike. France had its Restaurant Và ©ry dynamited in 1892. This paper makes a conclusion that as many writers would attest, their ideas only gain prominence thru publicity and the more they get exposed to the public, the more they will be discussed. And in addition, this presents a problem to the authorities especially now that information can be disseminated by just surfing the internet.... (Wikipedia, 2007) The problem with the definitions by these scholars and the institutions as well is that who determines who the terrorist are. For the government, any act that uses force to pursue a goal can be called a 'defense' act and the violence associated with it can be much more massive than what a suicide bomber can do. If we consider the actions taken, for example, by the CIA to topple governments such as that of Fidel Castro's Cuba, we see that it was not considered as a terrorist act but a matter of pursuing national security. However, in the definitions that these people offer, these acts uses deliberate force and violence to achieve a political goal. The arguments surrounding the definition of what is a terrorist is best summed up by the popular saying, "One man's terrorist may be another man's freedom fighter." 2.0 Justifications of Terrorists In the popular media, we are bombarded with pictures of men, women and even children tagged as terrorists. If we take a closer look, however, we notice that these people are actually ordinary people who we may have met in a public place. What concerns us now and to most people is to know what drives them to blow up themselves and take as many people's lives with them. We have mentioned that one's man's terrorist may be another man's freedom fighter. In this context, we find that most people give up their lives and kill people in the process in the belief that they are doing so as a service to their cause. Some organizations tagged as terrorist groups take on a religious color blended with political goals. According to the United States Department of State, the most prominent of these are Muslim organizations such as Islamic Jihad

FAMILY VIOLENCE AND ABUSE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

FAMILY VIOLENCE AND ABUSE - Research Paper Example air and just trial which constitute of their rights as individual this helps to reduce the back log of cases in the judicial and criminal courts (Lloyd 2001). Violence against Women Act (VAMA) confirms domestic violence as a National crime and federal laws should be incorporated to help deal with domestic violence with reference to overburden State and criminal justice system. Domestic violence victims usually report the incidence late and the process become difficult as decision is made by the investigating officer who charges the accused based on the evidenced brought forward, this tend to make the issue of urgency be reduced as the evidence are already been tampered with or done away with (Lloyd 2001). The gun control act states a federal crime convicted felon for a domestic violence to own a gun or ammunition this is a good option because the felon could act in the same manner and hurt an innocent partner for sending him or her to jail also the state should continue with the system of felons reporting to a parole officer and attending anger management activities so that the felons can be assimilated back to the community without any fear of domestic violence and abuse (Wallace 1996). The issue of past lover stalking a partner from state to state with intent to cause misery to the partner or physical arm is also well tackled under the VAMA as it states it’s a criminal and federal offence (Chancer 2004). Many lovers have fall victim to this vice as past lover stalk them wherever they go and cause a lot of chaos in their life this bill is effective and keeps all stalkers at bay from their former lovers due to clear and well represented facts judgment can be taken to those who stalk former or current intimate lovers with the intent of harming them, blaming them on fail relationship. The bill of human right which equally represent the accused and the accuser of the domestic violence both have the right to be heard by the justice system which passes judgment

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

International Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Terrorism - Essay Example From this paper, it is clear that the first considered anarchist of his time was Pierre-Joseph Proudhon who went against the appropriateness of a central government calling for its abolition to be replaced by a system of autonomous groups and communities which was virtually governed by contract and mutual interest in place of laws. Mikhail Bakunin believed that only thru destruction can a society with a collective ownership of the means of production be created. The violent nature of anarchists saw its beginnings in Errico Malatesta’s theory that only thru the propaganda by deed can socialist principles are achieved. Thus began the murders of President Sadi Carnot of France (1894), Antonio Cà ¡novas del Castillo, the prime minister of Spain (1897), Empress Elizabeth of Austria (1898), King Umberto of Italy (1900), President William McKinley of the United States (1901) and Josà © Canalejas y Mà ©ndez, another Spanish prime minister (1912). August Spies wrote in 1886 that â⠂¬Å"A pound of dynamite is worth a bushel of bullets† and soon enough seven policemen were killed by a bomb thrown at them while dispersing a strike. France had its Restaurant Và ©ry dynamited in 1892. This paper makes a conclusion that as many writers would attest, their ideas only gain prominence thru publicity and the more they get exposed to the public, the more they will be discussed. And in addition, this presents a problem to the authorities especially now that information can be disseminated by just surfing the internet.... (Wikipedia, 2007) The problem with the definitions by these scholars and the institutions as well is that who determines who the terrorist are. For the government, any act that uses force to pursue a goal can be called a 'defense' act and the violence associated with it can be much more massive than what a suicide bomber can do. If we consider the actions taken, for example, by the CIA to topple governments such as that of Fidel Castro's Cuba, we see that it was not considered as a terrorist act but a matter of pursuing national security. However, in the definitions that these people offer, these acts uses deliberate force and violence to achieve a political goal. The arguments surrounding the definition of what is a terrorist is best summed up by the popular saying, "One man's terrorist may be another man's freedom fighter." 2.0 Justifications of Terrorists In the popular media, we are bombarded with pictures of men, women and even children tagged as terrorists. If we take a closer look, however, we notice that these people are actually ordinary people who we may have met in a public place. What concerns us now and to most people is to know what drives them to blow up themselves and take as many people's lives with them. We have mentioned that one's man's terrorist may be another man's freedom fighter. In this context, we find that most people give up their lives and kill people in the process in the belief that they are doing so as a service to their cause. Some organizations tagged as terrorist groups take on a religious color blended with political goals. According to the United States Department of State, the most prominent of these are Muslim organizations such as Islamic Jihad

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Timeline of Historical Events (Prehistoric to Postmodern Era) Essay Example for Free

Timeline of Historical Events (Prehistoric to Postmodern Era) Essay Timeline of Historical Events (Prehistoric to Postmodern Era) The events industry started to take shape from the prehistoric age where the most primitive forms of human activity took place, following an enabling experience from evolutionary patterns (Goldblatt 2010, p12). As widely held in historical theories, invention as a factor of necessity implies that the origin of most creative ways of making life easy began as supported by realization that man needed them to survive in the changing life experiences. Firstly, the prehistoric era events included the emergence of Homo sapiens sapiens, the man with an enhanced brain activity able to support different high-level primate intelligence chores such as tool making, cultivation of crops, and domestication of animals. In summary, civilization of Europe and Asia contribute the major events that took place with specific account of the UK. Emergence of early industries based on agricultural culture supports the origin of other industries such as metal industry initially targeted at tool making. Demand factors during this era must have been characterized by a food industry such as labor for production (eif 2011, p3). Secondly, the Ancient era advanced needs included record keeping, governance, education and emergence of cities. Demand and supply factors for such activities included food production and education as required by the emergent civilization. Other related ages in succession include Middle Ages, High Medieval, Renaissance and Age of Exploration characterized by political and religious events earlier precipitated in the Ancient Ages. The Modern Era with a cluster of related eras such as Puritan Era, Enlightenment Era, Romantic Era, Petroleum era and High Modern Era characterized a series of events based on innovation, mass industrial production and mass agricultural production. The Postmodern Era beginning in the mid-1900s characterize the information age based on high innovation and intelligent operations in production, education, management and governance, variously referred to as the scientific revolution (Ackermann et al. 2008, pxxx).

Monday, October 14, 2019

Benefits of Ontology in Social Science

Benefits of Ontology in Social Science What is ontology? Why is it important for the social scientist to know about it? Speaking out of modest personal experience as a political science graduate, the issue of ontology as well as epistemology (and the consequent choices social sciences scientists make) has been always in an arena of confusion for most social sciences graduates. Students, all over the world, feel alienated and often misguided regarding the nature of these terms and thus are often relatively late in determining their stands in this crucially important and inescapable subject. Furthermore, a simple investigation of typical course offerings of social sciences degrees around the globe exposes a general lack of methodology courses at the undergraduate level. This issue adds to the general confusion of students on the issue. Often, not until students move to postgraduate level when they are adequately trained in methodology of research and consecutively become able to develop understanding of ontology and epistemology. Furlong and Marsh (2002) explain the issue brilliantly when they say: â₠¬Å"At First these issues (ontological and epistemological positions) seem difficult but our major point is that they are not issues that can be avoided. They are like a skin not a sweater: they cannot be put on and taken off whenever the researcher sees fit.† (Furlong and Mars, 2002, p.17). In this essay, we try to provide a general overview of ontology and shed light on its importance. What is ontology? If one is to define Ontology in Social sciences, it is important to step back to the philosophical origin. In philosophy, ontology is widely defined as a major branch of metaphysics, the study of the nature of reality. Encyclopaedia Britannica (2009) defines Ontology as the â€Å"philosophical study of being† and what generally prescribes to reality. Aristotle first called ontology â€Å"first philosophy†, and later the Latin term â€Å"ontologia† appeared after being invented by the German philosopher Lorhardus. Furlong, and Marsh (2002) explain ontology a â€Å"theory for being†, in other terms the main question of whether exists a reality that is autonomous from our understanding. To elaborate this idea in social sciences context, they give the example of gender identity and John Grays book â€Å" Men are from Mars and Women are from Venus†. The book argues that men and woman are fundemantaly different from each other and asserts that if it would be better if both would recognize this difference. That argument subscribes to a foundationalist (essentialist) ontological stand. On the other hand Furlond and Marsh (2002) assert that feminists would fiercly attack such a view as they link differences between men and women are â€Å"socially constructed†. This stand asserts an anti-foundationalist (constructivist) ontological position. Foundationalism and anti-foundationalism represent the two main ontological positions taken by scientists, and to understand ontology one should explain those main ontological positions. Importance Epistemological consequences The debate of who comes first, and the importance of Ontology in social research: Needless to say, a social researchers ontology can be understood as their view of social world. This have a consequence on choosing the ways the researcher will do his research, the methods, used, and theories put forth. Nevertheless by saying this we avoid hinting that ontology precedes or follows epistemology, an issue of debate among social scientists. According to Bares and Jekins (2007) learning of ontology (and epistemology) helps â€Å"differentiate and choose between competing theories and analytical traditions† Additionally they assert that many introductory texts to Ontology and Epistemology seems to sponsor a directional relationship that asserts that ontology precedes epistemology in social research. In their opinion this hinders the learning process as discretely favours certain theoretical choices. They further assert that ontology (and epistemology) are important in ontology. (2009). In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Retrieved December 11, 2009, from Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/429409/ontology A Skin not a Sweater: Ontology and Epistemology in Political Science Furlong, Paul and Marsh, David (2002) A Skin not a Sweater: Ontology and Epistemology in Political Science. In: Theory and Methods in Political Science. Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 17-41. ISBN 0-333-94856-4

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Archimedes :: essays papers

Archimedes Archimedes of Syracuse (ca. 287-ca. 212 BC) Greek mathematician who flourished in Sicily. He is generally considered to be the greatest mathematician of ancient times. Most of the facts about his life come from a biography about the Roman soldier Marcellus written by the Roman biographer Plutarch. Archimedes performed numerous geometric proofs using the rigid geometric formalism outlined by Euclid (Greek geometer who wrote the Elements, the world's most definitive text on geometry.), excelling especially at computing areas and volumes using the METHOD OF EXHAUSTION(a integral-like limiting process to compute the area and volume of 2-D lamina and 3-D solids.). 2-D Lamina ¡Ã‚ ¦s: 3-D Solids He was especially proud of his discovery for finding the volume of a sphere, showing that it is two thirds the volume of the smallest cylinder that can contain it. At his request, the figure of a sphere and cylinder as engraved on his tombstone. In fact, it is often said that Archimedes would have invented calculus if the Greeks had only possessed a more tractable mathematical notation. By inscribing and circumscribing polygons on a circle, for instance, he was able to constrain the value of (pi ) between 3 10/71 and 3+1/7. Æ’Ã   Archimedes was also an outstanding engineer, formulating Archimedes' principle of buayancy and the law of the lever. Legend has it that Archimedes discovered his principle of buoyancy, which states that the buoyancy force is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced, while taking a bath, upon which he is supposed to have run naked through the streets of Syracuse shouting ``Eureka!'' (I have found it). Archimedes is also purported to have invented the Archimedean screw. Some of Archimedes's geometric proofs were actually motivated by mechanical arguments which led him to the correct answer.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Biffs Changing Perception in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death Salesman essays

Biff's Changing Perception in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman In Death of a Salesman, Biff's perception of society is altered through a chain of events throughout the play.   His unrealistic expectations about how to succeed, learned from his father, eventually caused the destruction of his fantasies.   His concept of an ideal society, where being liked is what is needed to succeed, is harshly changed to a reality where he must realize that hard work and devotion are necessary to prosper.  Ã‚   Through a series of events, Biff gradually comes to a realization of what is necessary for success.   First, we are shown a part of his childhood where Biff is told that "the man who makes an appearance in the business world, the man who creates personal interest, is the man who gets ahead."   This idea appears in direct contrast to Bernard, one of Biff's childhood friends, who works and studies hard.   Biff decides that Bernard will not succeed because he is "only liked, not well-liked," and being well-liked is the cornerstone of success. Nonetheless, later in the play we see that Bernard has become very successful, underscoring one of the messages in the play, that success is not just a result of popularity.   Second, we are shown a scene in Boston soon after Biff has just failed math for the year.   He discovers his "heroic" father having an affair.   Biff comes to the painful realization that his father's values, his views, and everything that Biff had mad e the foundation of his life, are all completely "fake" and "phony."   Unfortunately, he has nothing with which to replace it.   Lastly, Biff decides to leave to try and find himself, but an argument develops between Biff and Willy.   Biff begins to see himself as like his father, "nothing," just an average man trying to make a living, and quite possibly failing.   Biff's earlier image of his father's greatness has crumbled entirely, leaving a lost young man trying to find his way.   Biff realized that he now needs to find his own values in life.   He has finally tasted reality and now must dive head first into the pot, without any real preparation. Thus, it is clear that in the novel Death of a

Friday, October 11, 2019

Haldiram’s Operations: Business and Marketing Essay

Haldiram’s began as a tiny shop in Bikaner. In1982,it has set up a shop in Delhi Presently, $4million brand and is a familiar sight not only in India, but also on shelves across USA, UK, and the Middle-East. Positioning * Healthy and tasty ready to eat packaged food * Different varieties for South, North , east and west * Varying packet size ranging from 100g to 1Kg Marketing Mix Product Haldiram offers a various products as per customers requirement such as sweets, dairyproducts, snack sets. PRICE: Competitive price to penetrate the unorganized markets. Prices varies according to weights & type of Namkeens & rawmaterials. PLACE: Where customers can purchase the product is also an important factor in determining sales. It is available at Railway outlets & Retail Shops . It is also available in rural & urbanareas PROMOTION: High awareness among the customers . High brand loyalty for Haldiram products. POSITIONING: Haldiram offers ready to eat high quality readily available Indian snacks with excellent Packaging Target Group * Women – Namkeens * Takatak & whoopies – Kids * Sugar free sweets – diabetic and health conscious customers The Marketing Mix Products * Haldiram’s offered a wide range of products to its customers. The product range includednamkeens, sweets, sharbats, bakery items, dairy products, papad and ice-creams (See ExhibitI for details of product range). However, namkeens remained the main focus area for thegroup contributing close to 60% of its total revenues†¦ Pricing * Haldiram’s offered its products at competitive prices in order to penetrate the hugeunorganized market of namkeens and sweets. The company’s pricing strategy took intoconsideration the price conscious nature of consumers in India†¦ Place * Haldiram’s developed a strong distribution network to ensure the widest possible reach for its products in India as well as overseas. From the manufacturing unit, the company’s finishedgoods were passed on to carrying and forwarding (C&F) agents†¦ Promotion * Haldiram’s product promotion had been low key until competition intensified in the snack foods market. The company tied with ‘Profile Advertising’ for promoting its products.Consequently, attractive posters, brochures and mailers were designed to enhance thevisibility of the Haldiram’s brand.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Ngo Essay Essay

NGOs are difficult to define and classify, and the term ‘NGO’ is not used consistently. As a result, there are many different classifications in use. The most common use a framework that includes orientation and level of operation. An NGO’s orientation refers to the type of activities it takes on. These activities might include human rights, environmental, or development work. An NGO’s level of operation indicates the scale at which an organization works, such as local, international or national. â€Å"Confronting the Classification Problem: Toward a Taxonomy of NGOs† One of the earliest mentions of the acronym â€Å"NGO† was in 1945, when the UN was created. The UN, which is an inter-governmental organization, made it possible for certain approved specialized international non-state agencies – or non-governmental organisations – to be awarded observer status at its assemblies and some of its meetings. Later the term became used more widely. Today, according to the UN, any kind of private organization that is independent from government control can be termed an â€Å"NGO†, provided it is not-profit, non-criminal and not simply an opposition political party. Professor Peter Willetts, from the University of London, argues the definition of NGOs can be interpreted differently by various organizations and depending on a situation’s context. He defines an NGO as â€Å"†an independent voluntary association of people acting together on a continuous basis for some common purpose other than achieving government office, making money or illegal activities.†[5] In this view, two main types of NGOs are recognized according to the activities they pursue: operational NGOs that deliver services and campaigning NGOs. Although Willetts proposes the operational and campaigning NGOs as a tool to differentiate the main activities of these organizations, he also explains that a single NGO may often be engaged in both activities. Many NGOs also see them as mutually reinforcing.

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

The Birth of the American Nation

The American Revolution was not only a battle against the British; it was also a period of transition from a colony to a newly-formed country. Belonging to country that was just liberated from colonial rule, the Americans attempted to apply revolutionary ideology to the building of their nation and the making of their society.They managed to do so by first basing the Declaration of Independence on political freedom, social tolerance and economic opportunity. (http://www. megaessays. com, n. d.) Political freedom played a huge influence on the ideas and ambitions of the revolutionaries and also resulted in social tolerance and economic opportunity. (http://www. megaessays. com, n. d. )Hence, the Declaration of Independence was not a promise or an excuse to wage war with Britain – it was a challenge to the Americans to preserve their sovereignty and develop as a nation. (http://www. megaessays. com, n. d. ) Political freedom for the 13 colonies meant â€Å"breaking away from En gland and being able to develop a sense of identity and a sense of self-government.† (http://megaessays. com, n. d. ) â€Å"Sense of identity and a sense of self-government† referred to a central government that they themselves elected and in whose affairs they have a say. (http://megaessays. com, n. d. ) Indeed, the lack of political representation angered the Americans more than any other atrocity committed against them by the British. (http://megaessays. com, n. d. ) The absence of their opinion in government policy-making allowed the British to enact unjust laws, such as the Sugar Act (1764) and the Stamp Act (1765).The Sugar Act imposed a three-cent tax on imported refined sugar and increased taxes on coffee, indigo and certain types of wine. (http://www. socialstudiesforkids. com, n. d. ) Meanwhile, the Stamp Act required taxation for every printed paper that American colonists used. (http://www. socialstudiesforkids. com, n. d. ) With the 13 colonies free from th e grasp of the British government, the Americans then proceeded to create laws that promoted economic and social liberty. On March 1, 1784, Thomas Jefferson proposed a prohibition on slavery in the entire United States after 1800 (this was narrowly defeated).(http://www. historyplace. com, n. d. ) On May 8, 1785, the US Congress passed the Land Ordinance of 1785, which divided the northwest territories into â€Å"townships set at 6 square miles, subdivided into 36 lots of 640 acres each, with each lot selling for no less than $640. † (http://www. historyplace. com, n. d. ) Thomas Jefferson's Ordinance of Religious Freedom (1786) dictated that â€Å"no man may be forced to attend or support any church or be discriminated against because of his religious preference. † (http://www. historyplace. com, n. d.) The first amendment to the US Constitution was later patterned after this regulation. (http://www. historyplace. com, n. d. ) Despite their nation's independence, the Americans continued using some long-held conventions, laws and customs. For instance, the US Constitution espoused the national government's division into three branches: the legislative, the executive and the judiciary. The legislative branch creates the laws, the executive enforces the laws and the judicial branch interprets the laws. The colonial government has a similar structure. The governor headed the executive branch in each colony.He was â€Å"appointed by the king in the royal colonies, named by the proprietor in the proprietary colonies, and chosen by the voters in the charter colonies. † (www. grazian-archive. com, n. d. ) The governor was assisted by a council (appointed by the same agent that appointed the governor) in administering to the affairs of the colony. The governor (in the royal and proprietary colonies) can also exercise a suspensive (temporary) or full veto upon the colonial legislatures. The legislative branch in the colonial government was a bicame ral unit that was tasked to enact laws.It also had the authority to appoint several administrative officials, starting with the colonial treasurer. (www. grazian-archive. com, n. d) The judicial branch of the colonial government dealt with all cases in the colonies. Colonial judges were either appointed by the king or elected by the people, depending on the type of colony. They were tasked to provide colonists judicial rights that the British people enjoyed at home. (www. grazian-archive. com, n. d) Another long-held convention that the Americans used was the development of individual military institutions for each state.(http://www. americanrevolution. com, n. d. ) This ran parallel to Britain, which had separate military units for the colonies and the mother country. (http://www. americanrevolution. com, n. d. ) A civil war broke out in Britain in 1642, resulting in the abolition of the monarchy and the House of Lords and the relinquishment of power to General Oliver Cromwell and the army. (http://www. americanrevolution. com, n. d. ) Under Cromwell's dictatorship, the size of the military establishment under the British king was limited.This had a negative effect on the colonies, where Cromwell's absolutism fueled distrust of standing armies and the employment of professional soldiers. (http://www. americanrevolution. com, n. d. ) To compensate for the lack of soldiers, the colonies resorted to citizen-soldiers. (http://www. americanrevolution. com, n. d. ) A law passed in 1777 required able young men (except for slaves) to render military service to the colonies. They were trained in the basics of war and law enforcement and were also considered potential recruits for short military offensives in the frontier.Land grants were often provided in exchange for able soldiering, turning the military into an attractive prospect for laborers with no property of their own and their sons. (http://www. americanrevolution. com, n. d. ) But the American Revolution left some problems unresolved, if not created new ones. The Americans remained divided on the topic of slavery (Brinkley150). Slavery was abolished in states where either slavery was minimal or was non-existent at all, such as in New England and Pennsylvania, respectively (Brinkley 150).Even the South experienced pressure to rectify or even abolish the custom. All southern states except South Carolina and Georgia banned further importation of slaves from other countries, while South Carolina also prohibited slave trade during the war (Brinkley 150). Virginia created a law calling for manumission (the freeing of slaves) (Brinkley 150). However, slavery still survived in all southern and border states. The American Revolution also did little to promote the rights of women.Although the war made it easier for women in some states to obtain divorces and allowed women in New Jersey to vote, they still remained inferior and dependent on men (Brinkley 147). They had no access to education and h ad no legal protection from abusive and tyrannical men (Brinkley 146). Married women had no property rights of their own, making it difficult for widows of revolutionaries to regain their dowries from their husbands' estates (Brinkley 147). Aside from the issues of slaver and the emancipation of women, the Americans had to deal with post-war economic depression as well.(http://www. historyplace. com, n. d. ) The hostilities left Americans with a host of economic problems, such as shortage of currency, high taxes, nagging creditors, farm foreclosures and bankruptcies. (http://www. historyplace. com, n. d. ) Increasing poverty at this period led to rebellion and violence. On August 31, 1786, to avoid the trial and imprisonment of debtors, former war captain Daniel Shays led an armed throng and stopped the Northampton Court from observing a hearing (Shays was already an impoverished farmer at the time of the revolt).Shays and his followers later instigated several related uprisings. Th e American Revolution served as a model for later revolutions in Europe and Latin America. It served as the primary influence in the French Revolution (1798-1799), the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) and the South American wars of independence (Venezuela – 1811; Argentina – 1810 and Chile – 1810). But the most important lesson it taught was that while the oppressed can free themselves from a tyrant, they should ensure that they deserve the freedom that they won. Works Cited Brinkley, Alan.A Survey: American History. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2007. â€Å"Essay on Declaration of Independence and American History. † n. d. Megaessays. com. 16 January 2007 . â€Å"Sugar Act. † n. d. Social Studies for Kids. 15 January 2008 . â€Å"A Summary of the 1765 Stamp Act. † n. d. Colonial Williamsburg. 15 January 2008 . â€Å"A New Nation: 1784 to 1790. † n. d. The History Place. 15 January 2008. â€Å"Three Branches of Government. † n . d. Utah Education Network. 15 January 2008 . â€Å"Early American Governments and the Confederation. † n. d. Grazian-Archive. com. 15 January 2008 . â€Å"The US Army and the Founding of the Republic. † n. d. AmericanRevolution. com 16 January 2008 .

Note Taking and Referencing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Note Taking and Referencing - Essay Example What is the essence of approaching problems from a new perspective? How possible is it for managers to adapt to the changes in the 21st century? What is objective of finding a balance in effective management? How do incentives influence workers’ productivity if they form part of company goals and objectives? What is the function of dynamism in organizations in the 21st century? 3. Incentives motivate workers to work hard. Motivation gives employees a new lease of completing tasks. Approaching problems from a new perspective helps people to adapt with change. Managers could listen to their 21st century employees. A balance in effective management ensures that there is an agreement in decisions. By incentives becoming part of company goals and objectives, implementation becomes easier. Dynamism helps managers adapt to change. 4. I can apply these facts in making deductions such as the roles of managers, employees and clients in seeking a neutral ground on issues of motivation. T hey will also help me to examine how they are connected with productivity. 5. In my review, I think the facts should be implemented promptly to help organizations succeed. Part 2: Summary My choice of video in business and management is The Puzzle of Motivation by Dan Pink. The speaker begins by noting that he made certain errors that he has never shared with anyone but could do so within the forum. He then confesses that when he went to law school, he failed terribly and it was not a good thing because it was under the influence of youthful digression. Consequently, he was barred from practicing law but on the advice of his wife; he intends to impart a few of the legal skills in building a case to demonstrate motivational perspectives at the workplace as a vital factor in management (Hertel 2003, p. 120). In other words, Dan Pink applies a lawyerly analogy to explain how people run their businesses. He starts with the Candle Problem that was started in 1945 and well familiar exampl e to the audience. Arguing that it is part of a behavioral science, Pink asserts that attempting to fix the candle on the wall without letting it drip on the table forms the backbone of sound management. Similarly, after making several futile attempts according to the speaker, people often settle for the functional fixedness method 10 minutes later as the last solution. Dan Pink further quotes an eminent scientist who has used the Candle Problem to broadly explain the essence of incentives at the workplace as an instrumental form of effective management. In his demonstration, the scientist rounded up his participants and asked them how quick they could tackle a problem under strict timing. On that account, he subdivided the groups into two with one asked to calculate the averages and the normal time it takes to solve a normal problem while the other was promised rewards if they achieved the same task. The scientist guaranteed them that if they attained above 25 percent, then they wo uld get closely $5 for a job well done and the best would receive a total sum of $20. However, this offer came in the backdrop of a severe economic meltdown meaning the scientist had attained the role of a nice motivator in inspiring the second group (Latham 2007, p. 156). Consequently, the second group only spent less than three and half minutes to resolve the problem. According to Dan Pink, if anybody wishes his workers to perform better, the management should reward them by

Monday, October 7, 2019

Paraphrasing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Paraphrasing - Essay Example The heart of the house is an interior connector located in the hall. The materiality of the house could only be described as massive, timeless and substantive. The vertical design aims to benefit users from the sun. The irregular, thick perforations have been arranged in line with the interior visuals resulting in a non-obvious, primitive order. The principal actor in this house, and also on the land where it occurs, is the tectonics system where an eighteen-meter beam has been suspended, ceiling placed on structural walls and a crack dug in the ground in an effort to save steep drop. 2- A House in a Wine Road – This is an innovative house, a result of the architectural acumen of Lisbon, Portugal’s Plano B. It uses the hybrid earthen wall which combines wattle and daub, cob and rammed earth, resembling the boxed method which was employed in the momentous Briones House, California. This project reconstructs from an existing ruin with the site located in an environmental protection area. Thus, the architects had to keep the use, position and height of previous building, proposing to use previous materials, namely earth, stone and wood, to rebuild, but adopting a different design. The firm developed an intricate building skin, integrating traditional methods of construction with contemporary materials. Wood from the previous construction was used for structural framing while stones were used in laying the foundation. It is a â€Å"do-it-yourself† model where residents are greatly involved in construction works. For effective ventilation and insu lation, cork boards, reinforced by polycarbonate plates combined with natural materials such as stone, wood and earth, were used to construct the exterior skin. Using industrial materials, including concrete, asphalt and polycarbonate, this project could be considered as a model for sustainable practice, upholding an acute approach to expressive

Sunday, October 6, 2019

Societal Perception Of Foreign Business In Nigeria Dissertation - 1

Societal Perception Of Foreign Business In Nigeria - Dissertation Example Such permission can only be granted by the local communities like the Ogoni. The social perceptions towards the foreign companies operating in Nigeria deteriorated as communities became displaced and their resources forcefully are taken to accommodate the oil fields. The societal perceptions of the oil-led development in many countries have many consequences. Some of these consequences include slow growth, inequality, and unemployment. Countries that depend on oil production are characterized by poor governance, high rates of corruption and high instances of conflict. This has added to the notion that foreign companies are exploitive and unfriendly. Norway has used the benefits of North Sea petroleum to develop its economy. Nigeria and Angola have been suffering from poor management of the same resource. In Nigeria, the disparity between poverty and oil wealth is notable (Parker 2006). The same trend has been observed in Venezuela. Foreign companies like Shell-BP for partnerships with domestic elites with an aim of protecting their interests. The multinational has been blamed for the inequalities created by the oil-led development. In the Niger Delta region, exploration began in 1958. The compensation of the land acquisition in the delta region has aided only a small group of people (Apter 2005). The environment and the local economy remain devastated. Gas flaring has permanently destroyed food crops and the only source of livelihoods for the local communities (Parker 2006). Barren farmlands and destruction of drinking water have created tensions between the local communities and the foreign mining companies. Thousands of villagers have been killed through explosions and raptures.

Saturday, October 5, 2019

Do EU Trade Policies Help or Hurt Developing Countries Essay

Do EU Trade Policies Help or Hurt Developing Countries - Essay Example In numerous developing countries, the trend is shifting from trade liberalisation to economic independence (Candau & Jean 2006). The multilateral trading system is enduring from the instability of the economy while preferential agreements keep on flourishing. Nowadays, no developing country is withdrawing from this development. Even if the European Union (EU), which began with the enforcement in 1958 of a customs union, has been putting into effects preferential agreements for several years, other developing countries, particularly those in East Asia, did not aid the increase in the prevalence of preferential agreements (Hoekman & Prowse 2005). Nevertheless, in the recent decades, developing economies, such as China, have further strengthened this risky development. Because of the failure of the Geneva ministerial convention in 2008, there will be heightened need for PTAs (Hoekman & Prowse 2005). The issues raised in the recent decade will occur again. The absence of growth in the mu ltilateral stage will be considered as the major justification for preferential agreements and, apparently, this claim is currently more compelling than before (Falvey & Reed 2002). With the absence of any possible settlement on the Doha Development Round, the international economy is seasoned once again for a new batch of preferential agreements. However, policymakers should understand the risks that PTAs create for developing countries. Theoretically, preferential agreements rule out countries (Candau & Jean 2006). Liberalisation is PTAs’ deal and countries make compromises in them, yet these are exclusive to the signatories. Hence, preferential agreements exclude (Evenett 2008). Given this fact, the first most favourable solution would be to remove preferential agreements in general. Countries, without preferential agreements, could either agree in multilateral discussions on liberalisation plans or have unilateral trade regulations (Hoekman et al. 2008). Nowadays, neverth eless, this is not a possible suggestion. All countries would have to concur with the restrictions of PTAs. Hence, the challenge at present is to enforce mechanisms that lessen the unfavourable effects of PTAs, in particular on developing countries. This issue will be thoroughly discussed in this paper. Preferential Trade Agreements: Favourable or Unfavourable to Developing Countries? Several studies have investigated the effect of the trade preferences of EU on imports from developing nations. Majority have reported favourable outcomes, specifically for the preferences provided to the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states (Persson and Wilhelmsson 2007), which are aiming for sustainable development and reduction of poverty levels. Evenett (2008) emphasises that the effect of the EU Generalised Scheme of Tariff Preferences (GSP), which guarantees that exporters from developing countries are charged with lesser duties, relies on which of the EU GSP agreement that is concerned an d that the organisational expenditures related with acquiring level of preferences to that margins of preference of not below 4.5% are non-utilised (Nilsson & Matsson 2009, 5). Other scholars, such as Cipollina and Salvati (2008), study the effect of preferences of the EU in the industry of agriculture. These scholars reported that the preferential schemes of

Friday, October 4, 2019

Undercover Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Undercover Operations - Essay Example They could play lovers, prostitutes, drug dealers or crime bosses. Undercover work has facilitated the prosecution of criminals operating in a complex setting and uncovering of operations of criminal gangs. Despite its benefits to the society, some people are against the use of undercover work as a means of collecting evidence of crime. Some of the reasons they give are that its increase crime, do not respect privacy, involves deception, allows the government to do what it is prohibiting others to do among other reasons (Pollock, 2004). Personally, I support the use of undercover work by law enforcement officials. Although it involves unethical actions, it is also ethically justifiable. When it is examined from the utilitarian viewpoint, it is a noble-cause corruption in which the end-justifies the means. It leads to the good of the greater population and thus it is justifiable if it is used to obtain useful and important ends. For example, it is important in the prevention of crimes when there are specific hints and reasonable grounds to suspect that some people are planning a serious crime or have done it. It helps to uncover the truth, collect evidence and make arrests. Victims of some serious crimes do not report their experiences and rarely are such crimes reported. These include pornography rings, drug distribution networks and fences of stolen property. In this case, underground work is the best investigation tool. Undercover work is ethical when the targets are individuals or gangs who commit crimes they are aware that they could call for the use of deceptive police practices for example drug distribution. It could also be risky for the law enforcement officers to investigate some of the crimes openly and thus underground work justifies the use of special risks. In this case, it is ethical and justifiable as the best means towards the collecting of evidence and making arrests in some crimes. Pollock

Thursday, October 3, 2019

The Day Chocolate Case Report Essay Example for Free

The Day Chocolate Case Report Essay Introduction The following report discusses the company named the Day Chocolate company. In this report we will take a close look to the case of this company. The Day Chocolate company is different than other chocolate companies as it pays attention to the ones that are making the chocolate: the farmers. The day chocolate company buys all cocoa at Fair trade prices, which means that the farmers receive a guaranteed minimum price for their cocoa. One of the goals of the company is to bring Fair-trade chocolate into the mainstream market but also to produce this chocolate for an affordable price and with a high quality. In this days customers are paying more and more attention to the wellness of the farmers. The day chocolate company is responding well to this need of the consumers. By taking a substantial market share, and paying fare prices to the farmers, often living of just a few dollars a week or even less, they try to help the farmers. The origin of the day chocolate company lies in the United Kingdom. In 1997, together with NGO Twin Trading and The Body Shop, Kupua Kooko sets up the day chocolate company. By introducing the Divine Fair trade milk chocolate bar into the UK confectionary market, the first farmer owned Fair trade chocolate bar is available for the consumer. In a short time the company gained a considerable market share. In the upcoming chapters we will explain why this Fair-trade chocolate was such a success. The source of this success can be found by looking at the segment that Divine is operating in and looking at the trends in this segment. But we are also researching how Devine became such a strong brand and we are taking a close look at the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the company. Furthermore we are going to investigate the opportunities the Day Chocolate company has to expand their business across the domestic borders, here we will also search for the country which is most appropriate for the Day Chocolate company to settle. ? Consumer segment Day chocolate company To make a company more compatible you first have to decide who or what type of customer the company will serve. The best way to do this is to divide the market into segments of consumers, a process called market segmentation. After this is done, it is important to make the decision on which segments the company is going to focus. The day chocolate company is focusing on two main target groups. For each of these target groups they developed a brand, Devine and Dubble. The first target group the day chocolate company is focusing on is a group called ‘concerned consumers’. The consumers who fall into this group are paying extra attention to the environment and human rights. Therefore Fair trade products are developed to serve the needs of this type of consumers. The day chocolate company developed a Fair trade brand for this group, called ‘Devine’. In 1998 the company launched the Fair Trade chocolate bar on the market in the UK. The day chocolate company was one of the first companies to launch a Fair Trade chocolate bar. The price of this chocolate bar is slightly higher than the price of a normal chocolate bar, as the day chocolate company is paying the farmers a fair price for their cocoa. But the consumer finds human rights that important, that they are willing to pay that little extra for their chocolate. A third of all UK consumers have now recognized the Fair trade mark. The second target group the day chocolate company decided to focus on is children. In the beginning of 2000, the company announced a competition where children could come up with a new Fair trade chocolate brand, which would be especially developed for children. In October 2000 the brand Dubble was launched. Dubble is a crunchy Fair trade chocolate bar available for a lower price, this way children can buy the chocolate bar themselves. The day chocolate company also developed a website which is easily accessible for children, they can play games on it and read about Fair trade products. The brands Devine and Dubble are becoming more and more popular. They are for sale in all the top supermarkets in the United Kingdom. But the company also supplies chocolate for own label products in the Co-op and Starbucks. Up till now, the day chocolate company only sold its products within the UK and the USA Day chocolates strengths and weaknesses. Competitive advantage. A very influential factor for future success of the company as well as for the products it is selling it is called a competitive advantage. The competitive advantage can result either from cost advantage, pricing your product lower than that of other companies, or differentiation advantage, having a unique or a better quality product than other companies. Divine chocolate targets the second category, making use the differentiation advantage. Divine Chocolate is the first ever Fair-trade chocolate bar aimed at the mass market’ according to their own statement. The fair trade logo is what makes them stand out from other chocolate companies. By being widely available and well-priced, they make fare trade chocolate available for an ever/always growing public. Strengths and weaknesses One of the biggest strengths of how the Divine chocolate company handles their business is how they approach fair-trade. Besides paying $1600 per tonne of cacao, with the world price being as low as a $1000 per tonne, Divine pays a social premium of $150 dollars per tonne. This premium is being invested in local social projects, sustainable development of the area and better farming. This increases the wellbeing of the cacao planters, but also has a positive influence on Divine Chocolate. By investing in farming and social development, the cacao will be of higher quality. This approach also creates positive publicity for the company, and gives the buyers the feeling that they add to the wellbeing and development of cacao farmers and third world countries in general. An other strength of Divine Chocolate is their availability. By being the one of the biggest, Divine creates economies of scale. Because of this, the company can market chocolate for a lower price, making the company’s products available and affordable to more customers. Also, by being sold in places such as Starbucks, which has a very positive and well-known brand image, and being backed by charity organizations, Divine chocolate has become a reliable and well-known brand. Moving forward to threats and weaknesses the Day Company has a vulnerable reputation by selling the company’s products to very critic customers. The company should pay a lot of attention to whether the farmers are still receiving a fair price, and pay attention to their overall wellbeing. Next to this, they rely heavily on cacao supplies from Ghana, a country that is not situated in the most stable of regions, with civil wars and economic instabilities in the surrounding countries. If there are major issues to be dealt with, there is also a problem of ownership. Being owned and managed by three parties (Kuapa Kokoo, Twin Trading and Oikocredit), all having a big share in the company, it is important that they remain uniform in how to operate the company. ? Customer equity Customer equity is a way of measuring the performance of a company by customer loyalty. As Kotler and Armstrong state: ‘the total combined discounted customer lifetime values of all of the company’s customers (†¦) the more loyal the companies profitable customers, the higher the firms customer equity. The Day Chocolate is actively binding with new customers and keeping in touch with them through social media like twitter and Facebook. They also have an annual poetry contest. By doing this, they become a lifestyle brand, and increase their customer equity Marketing mix The marketing mix is a theory based on four P’s, Product, Price, Place and Promotion. The product of Day Chocolate is, obviously, chocolate. They sell many different flavors of chocolate and special Christmas and Eastern products. All of these products have a fair-trade trademark, which means that Day Chocolate has paid a fair price for the cacao. The price of a Divine Chocolate bar starts at around 75p for a 45 gram milk chocolate bar. This price is about the same as comparable with other fair-trade products in the market. The price is significantly higher than non-fair-trade products. Divine Chocolate also sells gift baskets on their own site, running from 10 to 40 pounds. The raw product, cacao beans, is imported from Ghana. Those beans are then shipped to America and the UK, where the cacao is turned into chocolate. Most of the sales of the finished chocolate bars is in the domestic UK market. The products are sold in all the large retailers and Starbucks. Co-op sells the Chocolate under their own label. The product gets promoted in many ways. Day Chocolate gets a lot of free publicity by simply being a fair-trade product. The positive things they do for the Ghanaian farmers have caused a lot of good, and free, publicity. Next to this, there is an annual poetry contest. Day Chocolate also advertises and samples new products to familiarize the public with there products. And last, Twitter and Facebook are extensively used to keep in touch with customers. Chocolate market trends In order to better understand the confectionary industry and mostly the chocolate market it is important that we take into consideration the general chocolate market trends from a few different national markets as well as from the global chocolate market. In the end of this section, chocolate market threats and opportunities will be examined in order to help build on the final section of this report, namely market expansion. Starting with USA, where Divine is present since 2006 only as a wholesaler, the following market trends have been distinguished: †¢Even with recession slowing down markets, chocolate sales have increased by 3% reaching 17$ bil in 2009. It is expected that the U. S. chocolate market will exceed 19$ bil in 2014. †¢Americans appreciate more the experience provided by chocolate than the simple consumption of it, chocolatiers making innovation one of their main goals. †¢Chocolate is seen as an affordable indulgence by the American consumers. Moving forward to the UK, where Divine satisfies customer taste for chocolate since 1997, similar market trends are recognized: †¢Chocolate represents the top snack choice for UK consumers and it is bought by 50% of the population †¢Consumer’s level of concernment regarding the provenience of the cocoa and company’s ethics has increased †¢The more affluent middle-class parents avoid buying chocolate for their children †¢UK chocolate consumers tend to buy a chocolate flavor for longer periods of time than trying new ones †¢About 40% of the consumers buy less chocolate for health reasons. When talking about the global chocolate market that seems to be growing steadily, m.uch of the growth is attributed to developing regions such as Eastern Europe, Russia, China and India. Moreover, India is suggested as turning out to be the most lucrative place of investment into the chocolate market by 2014. In the already developed world, the growth comes from product differentiation, niche sectors and Fairtrade products. Firms from the chocolate industry understand how much innovation counts for sustainability and huge investments are made to innovate chocolate products. Another interesting trend is represented by the per capita consumption of chocolate that tends to be slightly higher in Nordic and Scandinavian Countries than in other European countries. Opportunities Threats It seems that most of the opportunities and threats that the chocolate market is confronted with have much to do with consumer perception of the product. Firstly, regarding opportunities, for some consumers chocolate represents the ultimate comfort food, even being considered in different studies that chocolate works as an aphrodisiac or can be helpful against depression. Another opportunity is represented by the meaning of chocolate when it is offered as a gift. Many anniversaries, holidays, birthdays act as opportunities for chocolate to be bought and given as a gift. Secondly, moving to threats, chocolate is seen by some potential consumers as being unhealthy by making them gain weight and their children have an anxious behavior. Moreover, consumers question the ethics of the firm producing chocolate and provenience of the cocoa beans. ? Day Chocolate marketing recommendation. After discussing Day Chocolate brand’s strength and weaknesses, market opportunities and threats, it is conclusive that Day Chocolate has a bright future ahead by continuing to deliver satisfaction to its consumers through same products, but opportunities of becoming even more successful should not be overlooked. Firstly, the consumer is becoming more aware of the properties of the product, from the cocoa beans used for making the chocolate to the nutrition figures on the back of the wrapping and to the impact the buying of a chocolate bar, for example, would have on the land of provenience of the beans. Day Chocolate gives the consumer the opportunity of participating to developing of such areas as Ghana with the help of Fairtrade demonstrating that the company understands consumer concerns. By continuing to provide a means of consumer participation to Fairtrade and development of third world countries, Day Chocolate will definitely satisfy the niche of concerned consumers. Secondly, regarding the consumers concerned with the health issue of chocolate, Day Chocolate could easily promote a dark chocolate or a rice chocolate product relating it to the health benefits these types of chocolate present. This way the consumers will feel even more that their concerns are listened to and cared for, Day Chocolate improving customer relationship. Thirdly, when talking about the countries that present a considerable market increase in the latest periods of time, Russia, India, China, even Eastern Europe should be definitely considered as potential market targets and further research should be undertaken in order to see how profitable it would be to expand into one or more of these markets. Moreover, many economists argue that India will prove to be the most lucrative chocolate market by 2014. The matter of distance, cultural as well as psychic should not be overlooked when considering the markets mentioned above, even if the numbers are presenting tempting opportunities for Day Chocolate. The company did not expand so many times that necessary experience could be attributed to the firm’s advantages, a factor that makes us look for expansion to a closer, culturally as well as geographically, area in Europe. Moreover, when considering expansion as an alternative, significant data show that Scandinavian countries Germany have a great chocolate market that is growing annually. In conclusion, the Day Chocolate company’s products offer great satisfaction for consumers concerned with fair trading and give them the opportunity of participating to the development of the lands of provenience for the cocoa beans. For consumers concerned with health issues new, health focused products could be marketed. After considering new products, new markets have also been considered. Alternatives are present both in Europe as well as outside Europe, but only the ones closer to the home market would make most economical and managerial sense. Expansion. In the past years since the founding of the Devine Chocolate, the company has shown to be successful, obtaining a large market share, a excellent brand image, big profits, good business strategy, and the company’s success is still growing. The company has a good market position and it is not likely to be having large problems in the short term, as well as long term orientation. However, it is wise to keep on searching for opportunities to become even more successful in the future. Therefore a tempting and logical step would be to expand the company’s business across the domestic market borders. To make the expansion a success, the risk of failure should be low. Therefore the market should behave similar to the English chocolate market so that cultural distance does not represent too much of an impediment. Day Chocolate needs to search for such a market because the key of the company’s success is the fact that the English chocolate market consists of a large market for luxury chocolate and product awareness such as the Fair-Trade. Besides that, the flavor of the chocolate was adapted to the taste of the English consumers. This means looking for a market where consumers are willing to pay a relatively high price for luxury chocolate products, and have high product awareness. Studies by the International Cocoa Organization (ICCO) have shown that the most chocolate is consumed by the north-western European countries and the Scandinavian countries. Below you find a list of the 15 countries with the highest chocolate consumption per person in 2005. Germany †¦ 11. 12 kilograms of chocolate per person (up 7. 8% from 2002), Belgium †¦ 11. 03 kgs (up 24. 2%), Switzerland †¦ 10. 74 kgs (down 1. 7%), United Kingdom †¦ 10. 22 kgs (up 2%), Austria †¦ 9. 43 kgs (up 18. 3%), Norway †¦ 8. 53 kgs (up 3. 1%), Denmark †¦ 7. 74 kgs (down 16. 3%), France †¦ 6. 78 kgs (down 2. 6%), Finland †¦ 6. 77 kgs (up 3. 7%), Sweden †¦ 6. 76 kgs (down 17. 1%), United States †¦ 5. 58 kgs (up 4. 1%), Australia †¦ 5. 31 kgs (up 22. 1%), Italy †¦ 4. 26 kgs (up 8. 1%), Canada †¦ 3. 90 kgs (no change), Poland †¦ 3. 67 kgs (up 11. 2%). The United States is the biggest chocolate market worldwide, however the facts mentioned above shows us that the consumption per person is very low. Besides the average consumption, we should keep in mind that this is the very first expansion of the company. It would not be wise to start expanding in the largest market in the world as the first expansion. The same goes for Russia, China and India. Those markets have very high potential but just like the U. S. Expanding to one of these countries has a very high risk because huge investments will be needed and when the expansion turns out the be unsuccessful the results will be far more dramatic than in case of an expansion in a smaller country, in northern Europe for instance. Besides those risk and consumption reasons, expanding in northern Europe first would be wise because those markets are similar in customer taste to the U. K. market. The northern European countries have a strong and stable economy so the consumers are willing to pay more for a better product. Furthermore, these consumers generally have a high level of products awareness, Day Chocolate would definitely benefit from this because of its brand image and Fair-Trade label. Next to the market significance, also the cultures are not very different. According to the cultural dimensions study by Geert Hofstede the cultural difference between for instance, the U. K. and Germany, is very low. Thanks to this low level of cultural distance it is easier for the company to sell the products, because advertising campaigns do not have to be totally different, and overall procedures will be smoother than in a country with a totally different culture. This also stimulates to expand in northern European countries because the chance of success is proven to be high, thanks to both cultural, as well as market significance. Looking at the taste of the consumers, expanding in Northern Europe would also be a good thing to do because the general taste of the consumers turns out to look very much the same as the taste of the U. K. consumers according to a study by the ICCO. When choosing one single country to be the first one to expand to, we would advice to start in Germany. There are several reasons why Germany would be a good country to start with. First of all, the German consumers are wealthy and are willing to pay extra money for better quality products and have a high level of product awareness. Next to that, the taste of the German consumers corresponds a lot to the U. K. consumer taste. Furthermore, there is a very low level of cultural distance, which makes it easier to market the products. Finally, German chocolate market is the biggest of Europe, however it is not too big for Devine Chocolate to expand to this country because it is not much bigger than the English one. And this expansion will succeed other northern European countries would be very easy to expand to. All these reason make us conclude that German is the ideal country to expand towards. ? Conclusion When looking back at all the different components of the company that we have examined there are several conclusions than can be drawn. First of all there are two well indentified target groups which the Day Chocolate company is aiming at. In the case of Devine chocolate it are ‘concerned’ consumers who are willing to pay more for a better product and have a high level of product awareness. The second target group, of Dubble, are kids. When looking at the growth of the global chocolate market and the forecasted growth of the market, the future is looking good for the Day Chocolate Company. However the number of competitors in the market segment of high-quality ‘fair’ chocolate products is going to rise in the upcoming years, therefore expansion would be a smart move. Also product diversification would be a smart move. The chocolate market suffers under the ‘health-issue’. Therefore other, healthier products need to be developed. The brand image of the company is excellent at the moment, but in the future large numbers of companies are going to try to copy this. Therefore it is extremely important for Day Chocolate to keep on promoting itself as product aware company, and it should emphasize on its help towards the farmers and their local projects. The company should expand outside of the U. K. and Germany would be the most appropriate country to start with. The market is big but not too big for Day Chocolate. The consumers are willing to pay extra for good products and have a high level of product awareness and their taste is very much the same as the English taste. Furthermore, the cultural distance is low and the geographical distance is small. All these reasons make Germany an ideal country to start expanding the Day Chocolate Company outside of the U. K.